Gene name:
HLA-DRA(HLA-DRA1);
Protein name:
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain;
Alternative:
MHC class II antigen DRA;
Organism:
Human (Homo sapiens).
General Annotation
Sub Unit:
Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit; also referred as MHC class II molecule. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) it forms an heterononamer; 3 MHC class II molecules bind to a CD74 homotrimer (also known as invariant chain or HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain). In the endosomal/lysosomal system; CD74 undergoes sequential degradation by various proteases; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP on each MHC class II molecule. MHC class II molecule interacts with HLA_DM, and HLA_DO in B cells, in order to release CLIP and facilitate the binding of antigenic peptides.
Function:
Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accomodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form an heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal miroenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.
Subcellular Location:
Cell membrane
Single-pass type I membrane protein
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Single-pass type I membrane protein
Golgi apparatus
trans-Golgi network membrane
Single-pass type I membrane protein
Endosome membrane
Single-pass type I membrane protein
Lysosome membrane
Single-pass type I membrane protein
Late endosome membrane
Single-pass type I membrane protein
The MHC class II complex transits through a number of intracellular compartments in the endocytic pathway until it reaches the cell membrane for antigen presentation.
Protein Attributes:
50:
MAISGVPVLG | FFIIAVLMSA | QESWAIKEEH | VIIQAEFYLN | PDQSGEFMFD |
100:
FDGDEIFHVD | MAKKETVWRL | EEFGRFASFE | AQGALANIAV | DKANLEIMTK |
150:
RSNYTPITNV | PPEVTVLTNS | PVELREPNVL | ICFIDKFTPP | VVNVTWLRNG |
200:
KPVTTGVSET | VFLPREDHLF | RKFHYLPFLP | STEDVYDCRV | EHWGLDEPLL |
250:
KHWEFDAPSP | LPETTENVVC | ALGLTVGLVG | IIIGTIFIIK | GVRKSNAAER |
Vaild Sequence:
Related Databases
Uniprot:
