GR and MR work together to maintain heart health

Researchers from the United States have found that two proteins that bind to stress hormones work together to maintain the health of the mouse heart. These proteins, known as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), act synergistically to help support heart health. When the signal between the two receptors is out of balance, the mouse will develop heart disease.
The researchers examined the specific and coordinated roles that these receptors played in mediating the direct effects of stress on the heart, they generated mice with cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of GR (cardioGRKO), MR (cardioMRKO), or both GR and MR (cardioGRMRdKO).
The cardioGRKO mice spontaneously developed cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular systolic dysfunction and died prematurely from heart failure. In contrast, the cardioMRKO mice exhibited normal heart morphology and function. Despite the presence of myocardial stress, the cardioGRMRdKO mice were resistant to the cardiac remodeling, left ventricular dysfunction, and early death observed in the cardioGRKO mice.
Gene expression analysis revealed the loss of gene changes associated with impaired Ca2+ handling, increased oxidative stress, and enhanced cell death and the presence of gene changes that limited the hypertrophic response and promoted cardiomyocyte survival in the double knockout hearts. Reexpression of MR in cardioGRMRdKO hearts reversed many of the cardioprotective gene changes and resulted in cardiac failure.
These findings reveal a critical role for balanced cardiomyocyte GR and MR stress signaling in cardiovascular health.
“In the past, when researchers designed synthetic hormones for this task, the molecules they make work only on one receptor.” the researcher said, "We suggest that since GR and MR work together, a better approach is to make drugs that act on both receptors simultaneously. It can help heart patients to prevent subsequent heart disease."

The significance of beta-2 microglobulin monitoring in early renal impairment in hypertensive patients

Essential hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. With the improvement of living standards, life pressure, changes in nutritional structure and other factors, the prevalence rate increases year by year. Kidney is one of the target organs of essential hypertension, which can lead to renal failure and affect renal function.
Generally, obvious clinical symptoms have been developed to the end of renal damage, the treatment effect is very poor.
It is of great significance to discover the symptoms of kidney damage through medical means. Traditional renal function examination is generally to reflect the damage to the kidney parenchyma for the purpose, not a sensitive indicator. Therefore, the medical community continues to explore how to make effective and rapid diagnosis of early hypertensive nephropathy.
The discovery and clinical application of beta -2 microglobulin make the diagnosis of early renal damage easy.Beta-2 microglobulin is widely found in plasma, urine, saliva and colostrum. It is a small globulin produced by lymphocytes, platelets and polymorphonuclear white blood cells, and its molecular weight is 11.8kD. It is part of the beta (light) chain of human histocompatibility antigens (HLA) on the cell surface. The molecule contains a pair of disulfide bonds that contain no sugar and are similar in structure to the immunoglobulin stabilizer region.95% of beta 2-mg in the normal human body is filtered by glomeruli and 99.9% is reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubules and decomposed into amino acids, so the content of beta 2-mg in the blood and urine of normal people is extremely low. Beta 2-MG is relatively stable and can be used as an indicator of glomerular and tubular functional status.

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Establishment of transgenic diabetes pig model

Diabetes (diabetes mellitus, DM) is a kind of due to insufficient insulin absolute or relative endocrine metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar. It has become a global epidemic with an incidence of 6% in China. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the common complications of diabetes, which is increasing year by year in China.DM animal model plays an important role in the study of DR, and is the basis for the study of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and prevention and treatment programs of DR. It can be divided into four types: chemical-induced model, spontaneous hereditary animal model, partial pancreatectomy model and transgene model.

US researchers have used genetically modified technology to reproduce complications such as diabetes and retinopathy and kidney failure in pigs. The reproduction of these diseases in large mammals will help to study the mechanism of complications and the corresponding treatment methods.

A lack of insulin, which lowers blood sugar levels, can lead to diabetes. High blood sugar can damage blood vessels and nerves, leading to complications that can lead to blindness or kidney failure.

Using the latest genetic engineering techniques, a team at the University of California has genetically engineered pigs to produce less insulin and develop diabetes in humans. The blood vessels of the sick pigs also became weak after long-term feeding. Symptoms of retinal hemorrhage continue to worsen, and cataracts appear. The kidneys are also failing.

Previous research on diabetes drugs has focused on experimental mice, but because the weight and longevity of the mice differ from that of humans, the drug is not as effective as that of mammals like pigs, whose viscera size and blood sugar levels are similar to those of humans, the......

Scientists have discovered a new protein in the human body that may repair the brain function of Alzheimers patients

Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline. It is estimated that more than 30 million people have been affected worldwide.
Coukos, a professor at Duke University's department of medicine, and his team announced the discovery of a new protein called il-33, which appears to prevent the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
The main goal of professor Coukos and his research team is to make gains in the early prevention of Alzheimer's disease. The "il-33" protein found by the team is found in all types of cells in the body, and is particularly abundant in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).
They followed 30 adults, 16 healthy and 14 with mild cognitive impairment, for three years. They found that people with mild cognitive impairment had significantly lower levels of the protein il-33 in their serum, and that tangles form when there are too many deposits of A beta opal in the brain. The "plaques" and "tangles" build up over time, causing connections between nerve cells to be blocked and eventually nerve cells to die and brain tissue to fail. To the normal person, A beta opal is not terrible, even if every day, but because of the presence of the "il-33" this "scavenger", does not produce cumulative.
The team used mice, which were wired with a weak electric current around the site. Normal mice were alerted to the danger and stopped approaching, but the cognitively impaired mice continued to touch the net. When mice with cognitive impairment were injected with il-33 for two weeks and then put back into the "dangerous" interaction, the researchers were surprised to find that the mice became more intelligent and did not make the same mistakes when they were electrocuted by a net. Dissection also showed that the white plaques in the brains of these mice were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, the brain waves also showed that mice with Alzheimer's developed cognitive impairment in the same way as peop......

Insulin autoantibody (IAA) assay

In the early diagnosis of diabetes in the treatment and prognosis of shows an important role, Ⅰ diabetes (T1DM) is due to autoimmune injury islet beta cells, thus reduce insulin sensitivity or reduce the secretion disease, including insulin autoantibody (IAA) is a very important indicator. IAA is an antibody to endogenous insulin and the only specific antibody to islet beta cells. In diabetic autoantibodies, IAA appears earliest and lasts for a short time. Most of IAA combines with insulin to make it lose its biological activity, so the measurement of IAA can provide an important basis for the treatment of diabetes, and is also an ideal indicator for the evaluation of insulin. The positive rate of IAA in classic T1DM patients can reach 65%, which has a good sensitivity to the diagnosis of T1DM. Currently, the enzyme linked immunoassay is mainly used to detect IAA.
E1264h produced by Wuhan EIAAB technology co., LTD. is a microwave strip plate ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kit available for the analysis of the presence of lysins and metalo proteinases 30(insulin autoantibody) in biological samples. The concentration gradient of the standard or positive control product of the kit provides theoretical kit detection range for biological study samples containing insulin autoantibodies. The E1264h kit ELISA was used to detect the target of insulin autoantibody antigen in the samples based on the antibody - insulin autoantibody antigen interaction (immunoadsorption) and the HRP colorimetric detection system.
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